|
Jefferson M. Fish is a professor emeritus of psychology at St. John's University in New York City, where he previously served as Chair of the Department of Psychology and as Director of the PhD Program in Clinical Psychology. Fish was born in Manhattan in 1942, the grandson of Eastern European Jewish immigrants. After spending his internship year, 1966-1967, at the Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute in San Francisco, he returned to New York to complete his studies during the Columbia riots. He received his PhD in clinical psychology from Columbia University and was a postdoctoral fellow at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. Although Fish had begun graduate school with the intention of becoming a psychoanalyst, he did a Rogerian PhD dissertation,〔Fish, J. M. (1970). Empathy and the reported emotional experiences of beginning psychotherapists. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35, 64-69.〕 followed by a postdoctoral program in behavior therapy. It was during his postdoctoral year that he developed his interests in hypnosis, placebo, and paradoxical interventions〔Fish, J. M. (1973). Dissolution of a fused identity in one therapeutic session: A case study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 41, 462-465.〕 (also known as therapeutic double-binds)—leading ultimately to his involvement with family therapy. In his clinical books and articles Fish viewed therapy as a social influence process, and drew on social psychology, sociology and anthropology—-in addition to clinical psychology, psychiatry, and social work—-as sources for ideas and empirical evidence. At Stony Brook, Fish met his wife, the African American anthropologist Dolores Newton, who had just returned from her second stint of field work with the Krikati Indians in Brazil. Married in 1970, the couple spent the years 1974-1976 as visiting professors in Brazil—including a month with the Krikati. It was there that Fish developed his interests in Brazil,〔Fish, J. M. (1981). An American psychologist looks at the human side of Brazilian psychology. In J. J. Brasch and S. R. Rouch (Eds.) 1980 Proceedings of the Rocky Mountain Council on Latin American Studies Conference. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. Pp. 220-223.〕〔Fish, J. M., Monte Serrat, S. and Tormena Elias, M. E. (1989). Thalidomide adolescents and preadolescents in Brazil. In L. L. Adler (Ed.) Cross-cultural research in human development: Life span perspectives. New York: Praeger. Pp.85-92.〕 languages, the relationship between psychology and anthropology,〔Fish, J. M. (1995). Why psychologists should learn some anthropology. American Psychologist, 50(1), 44-45.〕〔Fish, J. M. (2000). What anthropology can do for psychology: Facing physics envy, ethnocentrism, and a belief in "race." American Anthropologist, 102(3), 552-563.〕 cross-cultural psychology, and the concept of race in different cultures. He contributed a panel comparing the concept of race in Brazil and the United States to the American Anthropological Association's exhibit "Race: Are We So Different?" Fish is the author or editor of 12 books, and well over 100 journal articles, book chapters and other works. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association and of the Association for Psychological Science, and is board certified in Clinical Psychology and in Couple and Family Psychology by the American Board of Professional Psychology. He served in a variety of roles on local, national, and international psychology organizations and drug policy organizations, and on the editorial boards of eight psychology journals in the United States, Brazil, and India. ==Clinical psychology== Fish has written widely on psychotherapy as a social influence process, on social and cultural factors in therapy, and on brief therapy—including brief behavioral, cognitive, strategic, systemic, and solution focused therapies, and on the use of hypnosis in brief therapy. In ''Placebo Therapy'',〔Fish, J. M. (1973). Placebo therapy: A practical guide to social influence in psychotherapy. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.〕 for example, Fish argued that stimulating the client's positive expectancy of change was a primary source of the effectiveness of therapy. Hence, rather than attempting to minimize or control for the placebo effect, therapy should be structured so as to maximize it. Patrick Pentony's ''Models of Influence in Psychotherapy''〔Pentony, P. (1981). Models of influence in psychotherapy. New York: Macmillan. (Especially chapter 4, The Placebo Model, pp. 55-66.)〕 presented Fish's placebo model as one of only three models of influence underlying the numerous systems of psychotherapy. (The other two are the resocialization model and the contextual model). Fish's book also stimulated Irving Kirsch's research on response expectancy theory,〔Kirsch, I. (1990). Changing expectations: A key to effective psychotherapy. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.〕〔Kirsch, I. (Ed.). (1999). How expectancies shape experience. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.〕 in which people's experience—such as becoming calmer or happier—is affected by what they expect to experience. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jefferson Fish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|